Apache - OpenTelemetry Collector

The Apache app is a unified logs and metrics app that helps you monitor the availability, performance, health, and resource utilization of Apache web server farms. Preconfigured dashboards and searches provide visibility into your environment for real-time or historical analysis: visitor locations, visitor access types, traffic patterns, errors, web server operations, resource utilization, and access from known malicious sources.

The diagram below illustrates the components of the Apache collection for each web server. OpenTelemetry collector runs on the same host as Apache, and uses the Apache Receiver to obtain Apache metrics, and the Sumo Logic OpenTelemetry Exporter to send the metrics to Sumo Logic. Apache logs are sent to Sumo Logic through a filelog receiver.

The Sumo Logic app for Apache assumes:

The NCSA extended/combined log file format has been configured for Apache access logs and the default error log format for Apache Access logs and Apache Error logs. For a list of metrics that are collected and used by the app, see Apache Metrics.

info

This app includes built-in monitors. For details on creating custom monitors, refer to Create monitors for Apache app.

Fields Creation in Sumo Logic for Apache

Following are the Fields which will be created as part of Apache app installation, if not already present.

webengine.cluster.name. User configured. Enter a name to uniquely identify your Apache web server cluster. This web server cluster name will be shown in the Sumo Logic dashboards.
webengine.system. Has fixed value of apache.
sumo.datasource. Has fixed value of apache.
webengine.node.name. Has the value of host name of the machine which is being monitored.

Prerequisites

For metrics collection

The receiver used gets stats from an Apache Web Server instance using the server-status?auto endpoint. This receiver supports Apache Web Server version 2.4+.

Receive server statistics by configuring the server's httpd.conf file to enable status support.

For logs collection

Configure the Apache log files:

Configure the logging of access logs and error logs via the instructions described in the Apache Documentation.
Locate your local httpd.conf configuration file in the Apache directory. After determining the location of the conf file, modify the httpd.conf configuration file logging parameters if required.
- For access logs, the following directive is to be noted:
  - CustomLog. Access log file path and format (standard common and combined).
- For error logs, following directives are to be noted:
  - ErrorLog. Error log file path.
  - LogLevel. To control the number of messages logged to the error_log.

Ensure that the otelcol has adequate permissions to access all log file paths. Execute the following command for the same:

sudo setfacl -R -m d:u:otelcol-sumo:r-x,u:otelcol-sumo:r-x,g:otelcol-sumo:r-x <PATH_TO_LOG_FILE>

For Linux systems with ACL Support, the otelcol install process should have created the ACL grants necessary for the otelcol system user to access default log locations. You can verify the active ACL grants using the getfacl command. Install the ACL in your Linux environment, if not installed.

The required ACL may not be supported for some rare cases, for example, Linux OS Distro, which is officially not supported by Sumo Logic. In this case, you can run the following command to explicitly grant the permissions.

sudo setfacl -R -m d:u:otelcol-sumo:r-x,d:g:otelcol-sumo:r-x,u:otelcol-sumo:r-x,g:otelcol-sumo:r-x <PATH_TO_LOG_FILE>

Run the above command for all the log files in the directory that need to be ingested, which are not residing in the default location.

If Linux ACL Support is not available, traditional Unix-styled user and group permission must be modified. It should be sufficient to add the otelcol system user to the specific group that has access to the log files.

For Windows systems, log files which are collected should be accessible by the SYSTEM group. Use the following set of PowerShell commands if the SYSTEM group does not have access.

$NewAcl = Get-Acl -Path "<PATH_TO_LOG_FILE>"
# Set properties
$identity = "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM"
$fileSystemRights = "ReadAndExecute"
$type = "Allow"
# Create new rule
$fileSystemAccessRuleArgumentList = $identity, $fileSystemRights, $type
$fileSystemAccessRule = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule -ArgumentList $fileSystemAccessRuleArgumentList
# Apply new rule
$NewAcl.SetAccessRule($fileSystemAccessRule)
Set-Acl -Path "<PATH_TO_LOG_FILE>" -AclObject $NewAcl

Collection configuration and app installation

As part of data collection setup and app installation, you can select the App from App Catalog and click on Install App. Follow the steps below.

Step 1: Set up Collector

note

If you want to use an existing OpenTelemetry Collector, you can skip this step by selecting the Use an existing Collector option.

To create a new Collector:

Select the Add a new Collector option.
Select the platform where you want to install the Sumo Logic OpenTelemetry Collector.

This will generate a command that you can execute in the machine environment you need to monitor. Once executed, it will install the Sumo Logic OpenTelemetry Collector.

Step 2: Configure integration

In this step, you will configure the yaml required for Apache Collection.

Below are the inputs required:

Endpoint. The URL of the httpd status endpoint (default: http://localhost:8080/server-status?auto).
Access File log Path. Enter the path to the Access log file for your Apache instance.
Error file log path. Enter the path to the error log file for your Apache instance.
Fields. webengine.cluster.name.

You can add any custom fields which you want to tag along with the data ingested in Sumo. Click on the Download YAML File button to get the yaml file.

Step 3: Send logs and metrics to Sumo Logic

Once you have downloaded the YAML file as described in the previous step, follow the below steps based on your platform.

Copy the yaml to /etc/otelcol-sumo/conf.d/ folder for the Apache instance which needs to be monitored.
Restart the collector using:

  sudo systemctl restart otelcol-sumo

Copy the yaml to C:\ProgramData\Sumo Logic\OpenTelemetry Collector\config\conf.d folder in the machine which needs to be monitored.
Restart the collector using

Restart-Service -Name OtelcolSumo

Copy the yaml to /etc/otelcol-sumo/conf.d/ folder in the Apache instance which needs to be monitored.
Restart the otelcol-sumo process using the below command:

  otelcol-sumo --config /etc/otelcol-sumo/sumologic.yaml --config "glob:/etc/otelcol-sumo/conf.d/*.yaml"

Copy the yaml file into your Chef cookbook files directory files/<downloaded_yaml_file>.
Use a Chef file resource in a recipe to manage it. cookbook_file '/etc/otelcol-sumo/conf.d/<downloaded_yaml_file>' do mode 0644 notifies :restart, 'service[otelcol-sumo]', :delayed end
Add the recipe to your collector setup to start collecting the data. Every team typically has their established way of applying the Chef recipe. The resulting Chef recipe should look something like:
```
cookbook_file '/etc/otelcol-sumo/conf.d/<downloaded_yaml_file>' do
    mode 0644
    notifies :restart, 'service[otelcol-sumo]', :delayed
end
```

Place the file into your Ansible playbook files directory.

Run the Ansible playbook.

ansible-playbook -i inventory install_sumologic_otel_collector.yaml
-e '{"installation_token": "<YOUR_TOKEN>", "collector_tags": {<YOUR_TAGS>}, "src_config_path": "files/conf.d"}'

Place the file into your Puppet module files directory modules/install_otel_collector/files/<downloaded_yaml>.

Use a Puppet file resource to manage it.

file { '/etc/otelcol-sumo/conf.d/<downloaded_yaml_file>':
    ensure => present,
    source => 'puppet:///modules/install_otel_collector/<downloaded_yaml_file>',
    mode => '0644',
    notify => Service[otelcol-sumo],
  }

Apply the Puppet manifest. Every team typically has their established way of applying the Puppet manifest. The resulting Puppet manifest should look something like:

node 'default' {
    class { 'install_otel_collector'
      installation_token => '<YOUR_TOKEN>',
      collector_tags => { <YOUR_TAGS> },
    }

    service { 'otelcol-sumo':
      provider => 'systemd',
      ensure => running,
      enable => true,
      require => Class['install_otel_collector'],
    }

    file { '/etc/otelcol-sumo/conf.d/<downloaded_yaml_file>':
      ensure => present,
      source => 'puppet:///modules/install_otel_collector/<downloaded_yaml_file>',
      mode => '0644',
      notify => Service[otelcol-sumo],
    }
  }

After successfully executing the above command, Sumo Logic will start receiving data from your host machine.

Click Next. This will install the app (dashboards and monitors) to your Sumo Logic Org.

Dashboard panels will start to fill automatically. It's important to note that each panel fills with data matching the time range query and received since the panel was created. Results won't immediately be available, but within 20 minutes, you'll see full graphs and maps.

Sample log messages

Access Logs
192.168.29.177 - - [26/Apr/2021:12:18:32 +0530]  "GET /server-status HTTP/1.1"  404  196

[Mon Apr 26 09:52:58.188858 2021]  [core:notice]  [pid 530] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND'

Sample metrics

{
	"queryId":"A",
	"server_name":"localhost",
	"_source":"apache-otel-metric",
	"state":"dnslookup",
	"webengine.cluster":"apache_otel_cluster",
	"sumo.datasource":"apache",
	"deployment.environment":"user_apache_env",
	"_contentType":"Carbon2",
	"metric":"apache.scoreboard",
	"_collectorId":"000000000C9802CD",
	"_sourceId":"0000000042E3AAB3",
	"webengine.system":"apache",
	"unit":"{workers}",
	"_collector":"Labs - apache-otel",
	"max":100,
	"min":0,
	"avg":18.64,
	"sum":1100,
	"latest":1,
	"count":59
}

Sample queries

Log query

This sample logs query is from the Top 5 Clients Causing 4xx Errors panel of the Apache - Web server Operations dashboard.

Query String
webengine.system=apache webengine.cluster.name=* HTTP (40* OR 41* OR 42* OR 43* OR 44* or 45* or 49*)
| json "log" nodrop | if  (_raw matches "{*", log, _raw)  as mesg
| parse regex field=mesg "^(?<src_ip>\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})" nodrop
| parse regex field=mesg "(?<method>[A-Z]+)\s(?<url>\S+)\sHTTP\/[\d\.]+[\\n]*\"\s(?<status_code>\d+)\s(?<size>[\d-]+)" nodrop
| parse regex field=mesg "(?<method>[A-Z]+)\s(?<url>\S+)\sHTTP\/[\d\.]+[\\n]*\"\s(?<status_code>\d+)\s(?<size>[\d-]+)\s\"(?<referrer>.*?)\"\s\"(?<user_agent>.+?)\".*" nodrop
| where status_code matches "4*"
| count as count by src_ip
| sort count, src_ip asc
| limit  5

Metrics query

This is a sample metrics query is from the Waiting panel of the Request State Analysis dashboard.

sumo.datasource=apache metric=apache.scoreboard state=waiting webengine.cluster.name=* webengine.node.name=* | sum by webengine.cluster.name

Viewing Apache dashboards

All dashboards have a set of filters that you can apply to the entire dashboard. Use these filters to drill down and examine the data to a granular level.

You can change the time range for a dashboard or panel by selecting a predefined interval from a drop-down list, choosing a recently used time range, or specifying custom dates and times. Learn more.
You can use template variables to drill down and examine the data on a granular level. For more information, see Filtering Dashboards with Template Variables.

Overview

The Apache - Overview Dashboard provides an at-a-glance view of the activity and health of the Apache web server farms, and servers by monitoring uptime, requests, response, traffic, visitor geographic locations, and critical error messages.

Use this dashboard to:

Get an at-a-glance view of the state of all your Apache web servers.
Identify the top URLs causing errors.
Identify the top critical error messages.

Error Log Analysis

The Apache - Error Log Analysis dashboard provides a high-level view of error log levels, clients causing errors, critical error messages and trends.

Use this dashboard to:

Quickly identify critical errors affecting your Apache web servers.
Analyze types and patterns of log messages in your Apache web servers.
Identify clients causing the most errors.
Monitor trends in error logs and identify outliers.

Trends

The Apache - Trends dashboard provides trends around HTTP responses, server hits, visitor locations, traffic volume and distribution. Use this dashboard to monitor trends and identify outliers.

Outlier Analysis

The Apache - Outlier Analysis dashboard helps you quickly identify outliers for key Apache metrics such bytes served, number of visitors, server errors, and client errors. Use this dashboard to automatically detect outliers in the operations of your Apache web servers and take corrective actions if needed.

Threat Analysis

The Apache - Threat Analysis dashboard provides an at-a-glance view of incoming threats to your Apache servers based on known malicious IP addresses. Dashboard panels displays the insights on the threat counts, geographic locations, actors, threat severity, and URLS accessed. Use this dashboard to identify threats from incoming traffic based on incoming client IP addresses and discover potential IOCs.

Visitor Locations

The Apache - Visitor Locations dashboard provides a high-level view of Apache visitor geographic locations both worldwide and in the United States. Use this dashboard to obtain insights into geographic locations of your user base.

Visitor Access Types

The Apache - Visitor Access Types dashboard provides insights into visitor platform types, browsers, device types, and operating systems. Use this dashboard to understand the platform and browsers that are being used to access your applications.

Visitor Traffic Insight

The Apache - Visitor Traffic Insight dashboard provides summarized information on the top URLs, referrers, search terms, and media types served. Use this dashboard to understand the content types of content that are frequently requested by users.

Web Server Operations

The Apache - Web Server Operations dashboard provides an at-a-glance view of the operations of your Apache web servers. Dashboard panels show information on bots, geographic locations, errors, and URLs. Use this dashboard to get insights into client locations, bots, and response codes.

Request State Analysis

The Apache - Request State Analysis dashboard shows trends around the state of incoming requests to your Apache web servers. Use this dashboard to monitor the state of requests being handled by worker threads over time and take remedial actions to optimize your web servers if needed.

Server Status

The Apache - Server Status dashboard shows information related to the state of your Apache server and includes information such as requests and bytes served and latency. information on the number of requests served, time taken to serve the request, and bytes served.

Use this dashboard to:

Monitor server uptime.
Monitor web server performance.

Create monitors for Apache app

From your App Catalog:

From the Sumo Logic navigation, select App Catalog.
In the Search Apps field, search for and then select your app.
Make sure the app is installed.
Navigate to What's Included tab and scroll down to the Monitors section.
Click Create next to the pre-configured monitors. In the create monitors window, adjust the trigger conditions and notifications settings based on your requirements.
Scroll down to Monitor Details.
Under Location click on New Folder.
note
By default, monitor will be saved in the root folder. So to make the maintenance easier, create a new folder in the location of your choice.
Enter Folder Name. Folder Description is optional.
tip
Using app version in the folder name will be helpful to determine the versioning for future updates.
Click Create. Once the folder is created, click on Save.

Apache alerts

Alert Name	Alert Description and conditions	Alert Condition	Recover Condition
`Apache - Access from Highly Malicious Sources Alert`	This alert gets triggered when an Apache server is accessed from highly malicious IP addresses.	Count >= 1	Count < 1
`Apache - Critical Error Messages Alert`	This alert gets triggered when we detect critical error messages for a given Apache server.	Count >= 1	Count < 1
`Apache - High Client (HTTP 4xx) Error Rate Alert`	This alert gets triggered when there are too many HTTP requests (>5%) with a response status of 4xx.	Count >= 1	Count < 1
`Apache - High CPU Utilization Alert`	This alert gets triggered when cpu utilization exceeds threshold.	Count >= 85	Count < 85
`Apache - High Server (HTTP 5xx) Error Rate Alert`	This alert gets triggered when there are too many HTTP requests (>5%) with a response status of 5xx.	Count >= 1	Count < 1
`Apache - Server Restarted Alert`	This alert gets triggered when an Apache server has restarted by detecting if the uptime metric is less than 600 seconds.	Count < = 600	Count > 600

Fields Creation in Sumo Logic for Apache​

Prerequisites​

For metrics collection​

For logs collection​

Collection configuration and app installation​

Step 1: Set up Collector​

Step 2: Configure integration​

Step 3: Send logs and metrics to Sumo Logic​

Sample log messages​

Sample metrics​

Sample queries​

Log query​

Metrics query​

Viewing Apache dashboards​

Overview​

Error Log Analysis​

Trends​

Outlier Analysis​

Threat Analysis​

Visitor Locations​

Visitor Access Types​

Visitor Traffic Insight​

Web Server Operations​

Request State Analysis​

Server Status​

Create monitors for Apache app​

Apache alerts​

Fields Creation in Sumo Logic for Apache

Prerequisites

For metrics collection

For logs collection

Collection configuration and app installation

Step 1: Set up Collector

Step 2: Configure integration

Step 3: Send logs and metrics to Sumo Logic

Sample log messages

Sample metrics

Sample queries

Log query

Metrics query

Viewing Apache dashboards

Overview

Error Log Analysis

Trends

Outlier Analysis

Threat Analysis

Visitor Locations

Visitor Access Types

Visitor Traffic Insight

Web Server Operations

Request State Analysis

Server Status

Create monitors for Apache app

Apache alerts